Introduction: Modern medicine in Iran during the Qajar period and the Chancellery of Amir Kabir, especially after the establishment of the “Darulfonon”, flourished. This school had a variety of majors, including medicine and pharmacy, and with the recruitment of foreign teachers, was a major contributor to the development and teaching of science, including medicine. Then the school graduates, along with teachers, established government hospitals. Also, at that time, some branches of hospitals were assigned to midwifes and tutors in the hospital, which were soon shut down. But in the next years, regarding to the increasing number of high-risk pregnancies and the deaths of women and children, the necessity of establishing a hospital for pediatricians and obstetricians was quite evident. So far, there has been some the sources about the maternity hospital that does not exceed a total of several lines, but in the Qajar periodical archives and publications, as well as internal and external experts' reports, the history of the women's hospital was presented in terms of the process of development and executive organization, financing, development of activities.
Conclusion: Dr. Amir Alam in 1915 stated the necessity of establishing a maternity hospital to the Ministry of Education. Thus, the Board of Governors donated a building for the hospital. After the establishment and supply of equipment in 1916, the maternity hospital was opened. From the time of its establishment to 1927, this hospital was under the supervision of Dr. Alireza Mohazzabolsaltaneh. Women's Hospital as the first special treatment center for women and children in Iran was the base of other health centers, and treatment programs for women and children in the country.