Volume 11, Issue 2 (2026)
SJMR 2026, 11(2): 93-98 |
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Nateghi M R, Mohammadian H. A Review of Vaginismus. SJMR 2026; 11 (2) : 7
URL: http://saremjrm.com/article-1-401-en.html
URL: http://saremjrm.com/article-1-401-en.html
1- Sarem Gynecology, Obstetrics and Infertility Research Center, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. & Sarem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
2- Sarem Gynecology, Obstetrics and Infertility Research Center, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Iran University
2- Sarem Gynecology, Obstetrics and Infertility Research Center, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Iran University
Abstract: (2 Views)
Vaginismus is one of the important sexual pain and penetration disorders in women, which is accompanied by involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles and difficulty or inability to penetrate, and can have significant physical, psychological, family and reproductive consequences. Therefore, it is of particular importance to investigate the underlying factors, consequences and treatment approaches of vaginismus with an emphasis on modern treatment methods. In this review article, studies and sources related to the etiology, consequences and treatment of vaginismus were reviewed and the existing findings in the field of psychological approaches, physiotherapy and medical interventions were reviewed. Evidence shows that vaginismus is the result of the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors. Cognitive behavioral therapy, gradual desensitization, vaginal dilators and pelvic floor physiotherapy are considered the main treatments. In resistant cases, methods such as botulinum toxin injection and ESPB block have also shown promising results. Treatment of vaginismus requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, and a combination of psychological interventions, physiotherapy, and medical treatments can be effective in improving sexual function and reducing the consequences of this disorder.
Article number: 7
Keywords: Vaginismus, Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder, Female Sexual Disorders, Pelvic Floor, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Botulinum Toxin, Erector Spinae Plane Block.
Article Type: Systematical Review |
Subject:
Women Diseases
Received: 2026/07/18 | Accepted: 2026/08/11 | Published: 2026/08/18
Received: 2026/07/18 | Accepted: 2026/08/11 | Published: 2026/08/18
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