Volume 9, Issue 3 (2024)
SJMR 2024, 9(3): 189-195 |
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Talebian N. The Effect of Freezing and Thawing on the Viability and Motility of Human Sperm: A Review Study. SJMR 2024; 9 (3) : 8
URL: http://saremjrm.com/article-1-342-en.html
URL: http://saremjrm.com/article-1-342-en.html
Sarem Gynecology, Obstetrics and Infertility Research Center, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. & Sarem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (3951 Views)
The cryopreservation of human spermatozoa has been an option for patients undergoing chemo or radiotherapies since the late 1950s. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa is a widely used technique, sperm cryopreservation is increasingly effective even in cases of other disorders, such as autoimmune diseases, that affect reproductive function. Moreover, sperm cryopreservation is offered to patients with severe oligospermia or ejaculatory dysfunction for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Also, some non-malignant diseases, such as diabetes and autoimmune disorders, may lead to testicular damage, and cryopreservation is also advisable in these conditions. Presently, there are different techniques for the cryopreservation of spermatozoa. Although there have been many improvements, the ideal technique for achieving better post-thaw sperm quality remains a mystery. A major obstacle during cryopreservation is the formation of intracellular ice crystals. Cryodamage generated by cryopreservation causes structural and molecular alterations in spermatozoa. Injuries can happen because of oxidative stress, temperature stress, and osmotic stress, resulting in changes in the plasma membrane fluidity, motility, viability, and DNA integrity of the spermatozoa. There are several methods for freezing and thawing semen, which may cause damage to sperm function, viability, and finally, quality and fertility. In this article, the effects of freezing and thawing on the viability and motility of sperm are reviewed. The possibility of cryopreserving human spermatozoa has existed for over 80 years now, and empirical methods are still used today. A common goal of all techniques used is to achieve the highest post-thaw cell survival possible because the cells face many obstacles during freezing, and cryoinjuries can happen. In summary, sperm cryopreservation is an essential technique, it can be observed in different cellular functions and levels, but it has many negative effects on sperm parameters because it causes a major decline in DNA integrity, membrane viability, motility, viability, and increases in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). With all articles reviewed, there is no certain conclusion concerning prioritizing a specific method, but we can assume that there is a bright future ahead for optimizing cryopreservation methods to a point at which we can achieve better fertility outcomes and higher pregnancy rates. Researchers are discovering new means of improving post-thaw sperm parameters.
Article number: 8
Article Type: Systematical Review |
Subject:
Sterility
Received: 2024/11/2 | Accepted: 2024/12/10 | Published: 2025/02/3
Received: 2024/11/2 | Accepted: 2024/12/10 | Published: 2025/02/3
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