Volume 9, Issue 2 (2024)
SJMR 2024, 9(2): 119-128 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Mohammadian H, Nateghi M R. Pregnancy and its effects on brain morphology. SJMR 2024; 9 (2) : 7
URL: http://saremjrm.com/article-1-337-en.html
URL: http://saremjrm.com/article-1-337-en.html
1- Sarem Gynecology, Obstetrics and Infertility Research Center, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. & M.A .Student Of Department Of Personality psycholog، Scince And Research Branch, Isiamic Azad University, Tehran,Iran
2- Sarem Gynecology, Obstetrics and Infertility Research Center, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. & Sarem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
2- Sarem Gynecology, Obstetrics and Infertility Research Center, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. & Sarem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (1115 Views)
Worldwide, nearly 85% of women experience one or more pregnancies in their lifetime, with 140 million women becoming pregnant each year. During a pregnancy period of approximately 36 to 40 weeks, the mother's body undergoes deep physiological adaptations to support the growth of the fetus, including increasing plasma volume, increasing metabolic rate, increasing oxygen consumption, regulating the immune system, etc. These rapid adaptations begin with a 100- to 1000-fold increase in hormone production, including estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are neuromodulators and also cause significant reorganization in the central nervous system. Evidence from animal models and human studies regarding pregnancy as a period of neuroplasticity is significant.
It can be stated that pregnancy is an extensive period of profound hormonal and physiological changes that millions of women experience every year, however, the neurological changes that occur in the mother's brain during pregnancy have not been well studied in humans. In this article, we have tried to collect the articles that have been published in this regard in recent years in one format and examine the results of these changes in the short and long term.
As a result of these studies, it has been determined that major morphological and structural changes occur in the mother's brain during pregnancy and even the postpartum period (for 1 to 6 years), the most important of which can be changes in the gray cortex and He considered the white matter.
It can be stated that pregnancy is an extensive period of profound hormonal and physiological changes that millions of women experience every year, however, the neurological changes that occur in the mother's brain during pregnancy have not been well studied in humans. In this article, we have tried to collect the articles that have been published in this regard in recent years in one format and examine the results of these changes in the short and long term.
As a result of these studies, it has been determined that major morphological and structural changes occur in the mother's brain during pregnancy and even the postpartum period (for 1 to 6 years), the most important of which can be changes in the gray cortex and He considered the white matter.
Article number: 7
Keywords: Pregnancy, brain changes, psychological changes, gray cortex and white matter of the brain
Article Type: Systematical Review |
Subject:
Pregnancy Care
Received: 2024/07/20 | Accepted: 2024/08/20 | Published: 2024/12/22
Received: 2024/07/20 | Accepted: 2024/08/20 | Published: 2024/12/22
References
1. Williams Obstetrics/ 2018/ F. Gary Cunningham , Kenneth Leveno, Steven Bloom, Catherine Spong, Jodi Dashe, Barbara Hoffman, Brian Casey
2. https://www.who.int/
3. Major Structures and Functions of the Brain/ Discovering the Brain/ Sandra Ackerman./Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1992./ISBN-10: 0-309-04529-0
4. The Brain Book/ An Illustrated Guide to Its Structure, Functions, and Disorders/ By Rita Carter · 2019
5. When the Brain Starts Adulting/ 20 Nov 2018 / Alexis Wnuk Source BrainFacts/SfN
6. Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain / Madhura Ingalhalikar 1, Alex Smith, Drew Parker, Theodore D Satterthwaite, Mark A Elliott, Kosha Ruparel, Hakon Hakonarson, Raquel E Gur, Ruben C Gur, Ragini Verma
7. The development of brain white matter microstructure /Catherine Lebel , Sean Deoni
8. Emotion, motivation, decision-making, the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and the amygdala/ Edmund T Rolls/ Jun;228(5):1201-1257. doi: 10.1007/s00429-023-02644-9. Epub 2023 May 13. [DOI:10.1007/s00429-023-02644-9] [PMID] []
9. Morphological changes of the brain in mood disorders/ Karolina Wilczyńska Katarzyna Simonienko , Beata Konarzewska , Sławomir Dariusz Szajda , Napoleon Waszkiewicz / 2018 Oct27;52(5):797805.doi:10.12740/PP/89553. Epub 2018 Oct 27. [DOI:10.12740/PP/89553] [PMID]
10. Exercise, brain plasticity, and depression/ Jin-Lei Zhao, Wan-Ting Jiang, Xing Wang, Zhi-Dong Cai, Zu-Hong Liu, Guo-Rong Liu / 2020 Sep;26(9):885-895. doi: 10.1111/cns.13385. Epub 2020 Jun 3. [DOI:10.1111/cns.13385] [PMID] []
11. Dysregulation of adult hippocampal neuroplasticity in major depression: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications/ Alexandria N Tartt , Madeline B Mariani , Rene Hen, J John Mann, Maura Boldrini / 2022 Jun;27(6):2689-2699. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01520-y [DOI:10.1038/s41380-022-01520-y] [PMID] []
12. A model of brain morphological changes related to aging and Alzheimer's disease from cross-sectional assessments ) Raphaël Sivera ، Hervé Delingette ، Marco Lorenzi ، Xavier Pennec ، Nicholas Ayache/ Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative/ 2019 Sep:198:255-270. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.040. Epub 2019 May 20. [DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.040] [PMID]
13. Brain morphology is individual-specific information/ Hidemasa Takao ،NaotoHayashi,KuniOhtomo/2015Jul;33(6):81621.doi:10.1016/j.mri.2015.03.010. Epub 2015 Apr 8 [DOI:10.1016/j.mri.2015.03.010] [PMID]
14. Neuroanatomical changes observed over the course of a human pregnancy/ Laura Pritschet, Caitlin M. Taylor, Daniela Cossio, Joshua Faskowitz, Tyler Santander, Daniel A. Handwerker, Hannah Grotzinger, Evan Layher, Elizabeth R. Chrastil & Emily G. Jacobs / Nature Neuroscience volume 27, pages2253-2260 (2024) [DOI:10.1038/s41593-024-01741-0] [PMID] []
15. The expectant brain-pregnancy leads to changes in brain morphology in the early postpartum period /Natalia Chechko, Jürgen Dukart, Svetlana Tchaikovski, Christian Enzensberger, Irene Neuner, Susanne Stickel / Cerebral Cortex, Volume 32, Issue 18, 15 September 2022, Pages 4025-4038, 24 December 2021 [DOI:10.1093/cercor/bhab463] [PMID] []
16. Pregnancy leads to long-lasting changes in human brain structure/ Elseline Hoekzema, Erika Barba-Müller, Cristina Pozzobon, Marisol Picado, Florencio Lucco, David García-García, Juan Carlos Soliva, Adolf Tobeña, Manuel Desco, Eveline A Crone, Agustín Ballesteros, Susanna Carmona & Oscar Vilarroya /Nature Neuroscience volume 20, pages287-296 (2017) [DOI:10.1038/nn.4458] [PMID]
17. Pregnancy renders anatomical changes in hypothalamic substructures of the human brain that relate to aspects of maternal behavior/ March 2024Psychoneuroendocrinology164:107021/DOI:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.10702 [DOI:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107021] [PMID]
18. Mapping the effects of pregnancy on resting state brain activity, white matter microstructure, neural metabolite concentrations and grey matter architecture/ Elseline Hoekzema, Henk van Steenbergen, Milou Straathof, Arlette Beekmans, Inga Marie Freund, Petra J. W. Pouwels & Eveline A. Crone
19. Brain plasticity in pregnancy and the postpartum period: links to maternal caregiving and mental health/ Erika Barba-Müller, Sinéad Craddock, Susanna Carmona & Elseline Hoekzema / 14 July 2018
20. Brain and their influence on mother-child attachment/ Susanne Nehls, Elena Losse, Christian Enzensberger, Thomas Frodl & Natalia Chechko / Translational Psychiatry Volume 14, Article Number: 84 (2024)
21. Plasticity of the human maternal brain: longitudinal changes in brain anatomy during the early postnatal period behavioral neuroscience/ Kim, P., Leckman, J. F., Mayes, L. C., Feldman, R., Wang, X., & Swain, J. E. (2010 )
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
