Introduction
In Iran, when many years had passed from the first publication, named “News Paper” (Kaghaz Akhbar), seldom an article was written about women. The more the written legacy of that era is being addressed, the less is the subject matter of “women” except some few articles about the status of women in the king court which also has been written to give news. However, with the passing of periods of ignorance, with the advent of the Constitutional Revolution, women, like men, came to the fore in the realm of society and politics. At that time, women were the source of fundamental change. For example, the emergence and development of women`s journalism after the constitutional revolution can be named. From the beginning of the Constitutional Revolution until the end of Ahmad Shah dynasty, the last Qajar king, from 1908 to 1925, 8 journals were published which were managed by women that the policy of all these publication was recognition of the issue of women and children in the public domain (Table 1).
 

Table 1) Published journal managed by women from 1910 to 1925 with the theme of women and children

Text Description
After the Constitutional Revolution, Women like men, played important and significant role in the country`s society and politics. The most important of these cases are the women`s participation in the secret assemblies, the demonstration and the formation of national and liberal organization in Tabriz and Tehran. In 1908, when it became clear that Mohammad Ali Shah had decided to dissolve the parliament and asked for help from Russian to do this, about 300 women protested in front of the parliament on Baharestan Square. In 1910, when the Iranian government issued a national bonds, many women sold their jewelry and assets and helped the government [1]. Accordingly, Morgan Schuster, a US financial expert in Iran, writes in his memoir that Iranian women were among the most modern women in the world since the constitution that is from 1907 [2]. Constitutional Revolution expanded journalism among women in Iran, and women published numerous publications in Tehran and other cities [3].
 
“Knowledge”, The first Iranian women`s journal
Ms. Somayeh Kahal (optometrist), the daughter of Mirza Mohammad Hakimbashi Hamedani (New Muslim) is a doctor in the Qajar era (Figure 1) [3-5]. She writes in the first issue of the Journal of Knowledge: “I, an optometrist, daughter of deceased Mirza Mohammad Hakimbashi, writes this journal called “knowledge” once a week, and dedicate it to the lords of knowledge and taste” [5]. Dr. Kahal was trained in medical practice by America`s religious missionaries in Iran, who were charitable in Iran, and she was allowed to practice medicine in Iran by the missionaries as the first women [6]. After obtaining permission from the missionaries, she treated patients, and therefore, she became known throughout the country, especially Tehran, as Ms. Optometrist [6, 7].

At that time, Amineh Aghdas, from the village called Halvai, from the province of Garus (Bijar City), was one of the beloved wives of Nasir-al-Din Shah (king). Amineh Aghdas was the King`s cashier and was keepting precious jewels and manuscripts of the royal library. Her penetration was such that when her eyes lost her sight, Nasir-al-Din shah sent her to Europe for treatment as the Queen of Iran. She as the queen with veil and mask was welcomed everywhere in the Europe. Although the treatment of Iranian and Foreign doctors did not have the slightest effect, she was treated as if she had regained her sight. Aghdas Masoum, one of the grandchildren of Dr. Kahal says that her grandmother had done a surgery on the eyes of one of the Nasir-al-Din Shah`s wives namely Ms. Ghodsieh (Ms. Kahal`s granddaughter has written the name of king`s wife as Ghodsieh instead of Amineh Aghdas mistakenly).
Dr. Kahal, in a letter to the Ministry of Education, Endowment, and Fine Arts, applied for a permission of establishing a journal in August 31,1910 that the mentioned ministry, issued the permission of the journal called “knowledge” in September 1, 1910 (Figure 2).

 Figure 2) Ministry of Education liscence and rewritten text

Ministry of Education, Endowment, and Fine Arts, no. 934.5067, Date: September 1, 1910
As Dr. Kahal asked from the Ministry of Education, Endowment and Fine Art to authorize the Publication of journal called “Knowledge”, had she has stipulted her agreement with usual commitment to the implemention of the press and media law, she is allowed by the ministry of education to publish the mentioned journal in complience with the rules of the code.
Deputy Ministery of Education and Ednowment
[Signature] Reza Gholi (Nayer-al-Malek) (rewriting the text of figure 2)

Ms. Kahal, one day after obtaining a liscence for “Knowledge” journal (September 2, 1910), prepared the common Letter of Obligation of journals and presented it to the Board of Education (Figure 3).

Figure 3) Dr. Kahal`s letter of commitment and its rewritten text

September 2, 1910
I am, Dr. Kahal, is committed to comply with the rules written below, do not offend the ruls and publish the journal called “Knowledge”.
1) Name of the editor of journal: Dr. Kahal
2) The office of publication: At present it is published in East Office
3) What is the title of the newspaper and its content and whether it is published daily or weekly? At present it is weekly, and if it is possible, it will be published daily.
4) The content and style of the newspaper: as a sample has been given, the content is giving practice of housekeeping, treating with husband and children to women and sometimes a translated novel is also appended to it. Politics will not be negotiated.
Place of the Signature of Dr. Kahal
[inserted on the sideline of this pledge]: A copy of the obligation, which madam has provided to the Education Board, for the “Knowledge” Journal

After September 14, 1910, the first weekly, social, education and Persion journal of “Knowledge” allocated to women, with the management of Dr. Kahal and direction of A. Safvat (Mohit Tabatabai believes that it is not unlikely that A.Safvat is the same as Safvat Tabrizi who has came to Tehran with Satarkhan who was considered as famous literary scholar of Azarbayjan) was published in Tehran [1, 3, 8-10]. This journal was published once a week in 8 pages with the lead printing for the price of 4 Shahi in Tehran, and 5 Shahi for other provinces. The annual price of subscription of journal in Tehran for a year, 6 months, and 3 months was 12 Gheran, 7 Gheran, and 4 Gheran respectively. The price of subscription in other provinces was 15 Gheran, 9 Gheran and 5 Gheran for a year, 6 months, and 3 months respectively [8]. The first issue was published in Mashregh Office; the second to fourth issues were published in Faroos Tehran Office; the fifth and sixth issues which are available were published in Tehran Office and the foureenth and twenty fifth issues that are available were published in “Majles” Office [5, 11-13]. In addition to Tehran and other Iranian cities, “Knowledge” used to be published in other foreign countries; it is alleged that at the end of the journal it was written “The annual subscription for the foreign countries is 7 Francs and the 6-month subscription for the foreign countries is 4 Francs” (Figure 4) [8].
In the letter of commitment of “Knowledge” journal, it has been mentioned that the purpose of this newspaper is the education of women and girls and establishment of moral issues in women. At the beginning, it was also stated that the journal is the ethical one, about housekeeping, treating with children, treating with husband, and about the conditions of women and girls, and it does not speak of politics [5]. Another point to mention is that, in the first three issues of the journal, the name of “A. Safvat” as the editor is mentioned after the name of director. However, from the fourth issue, only the name of director has been mentined [3]. Seemingly, in other numbers, the son of Dr. Kahal, Abbas Masum, was the assitant of her mother in the publication of the journal [5-6]. Dr. Kahal, after obtaining a liscence for the publication of journal, was treating patients in the office of publication of journal except on Fridays. The office of “Knowledge” Journal in Tehran was in Alaoddoleh avenue, no. 24 and the doctor`s office was at Jalilabad street [5].
In some of the issue of this journal, there is statement on this theme: “Statement, the clinic of this optometrist, the national server, was on Jalilabad Street. However, now, I visit all the patients with eye problems in the mornings except on Friday at the office of the “Knowledge Journal” [5]. The topics included in the 30<sup>th</sup> issue of “Knowledge” is about the education of women and girls. In the editorial of the first issue it was specified that “Knowledge” target audience is limited to women, and the journal has been published only for clarity the minds and thoughts of women and encourage them to study and continue education and point ot education as a pillar of dealing with many problems: “if a respectful women is illiterate, she should immediately study and continue education because an illiterate women will not be wise, and if she is literate, she should spend most of her time of reading journals. A person who reads newspapers and journals knows everything” [5]. Also, “Knowledge” had articles on women`d advancement, including a series of articles by a lady called Ashraf-al-Sadat and stories in the fort of footnotes, that a part of it was published in each issue [10]. Since Dr. Kahal was an ophthalmologist and was familiar with medical topics, she has written precise articles on the the health of women and children, most of which are about children health preservation, including articles on “Children`s health, proper nutrition for children, Preservation of health during the outbreak of cholera, the mothers` stratgeis to protect child`s health from birth to the age of growth, the cold of children, and the cause of colds. In addition to the children, there are articles on protecting women`s health; as an example and understand the style of the Journal of Knowledge, one of these articles on the issue of protecting women`s health is written here.

“Protecting Women`s Health”
I am writing for some of the housewifes who have been abondoned and disappointed by being busy or by becoming older, and knowing these issues is good for young women. O my sisters and my daughters, the first thing I do to remind you is to take care of your health and hygiene. Do the chorse as much as possible and that shoud not bother your health. Paying attention to yourself, changing of clothes and cleanliness are all the more precious to you. The first rule is that your children learn the cleanliness and hygiene from you and they will be raised in this way, and in this way you will always be beloved by your husband. It is necessary to take a bath twice a week, and whenever you get tired by too much walking or being too busy, put your feet and leg in wart water until it relieves pain and fatigue. Do not use your underwear that you sleep with overnight during the day that is you need to have a special underwear for sleeping. Every two or three days, you have to change all your clothes. After lunch, you can take a nap but do not sleep more than half an hour. Sleeping a lot during a day make you loose and lull. If you cannot take a nap, close your eyes for a quarter. Let your eyes to be comfortable and able to fit. During this period, move thoughts away and let your mind to be comfortable. The other thing that is useful is to walk in large places. Do not be always comfortable and settled that causes obesity, and this hurt your hearts. The smooth air in the large places like garden that you can see how awkward it is.
Easy and inexpensive strategy: peel the cucamber in form of slides. Soak them in the milk and use them after 2 hours to remove dryness from your skin and whiten it. First, wash the face, neck and hands with warm water and soap and then rub hands and face with the mentioned milk.
Instruction for removal of facial wrinkles: at sleep time, fill a bowl with boiling water. Hold your face on it and steam your face for 5 mintures. After than rub the wrinkle points” [12].
Despite the valuable content of “Knowledge”, only 8 issues of it is available [5]. Available isssues along with the available issues of “Blosson” Journal was published in 1998 by the National Library of Islamic Republic of Iran [8]. Here, the table of contents of which issue has been mentioned in table 2. The life of “Knowledge” Journal was only one year. Apparantly, Dr. Kahal in the issue 30 had mentioned that “She has gone to Shemiran for the severity of heat and weakness and the journal would not be published for another two months”. However, this temporary stop became permanent, and finally it was stopped after one year publication in 1911.

Table 2) Contents of “ Knowledge” Journal in its various available issues

 

The forst women`s journal in Iran was published by a female doctor in 1907, while in the Middle East, a similar one could not be found until many years later. At the same time, Iranian women, after the Constitutional Revolution, soon became the most modern women in the world.

Acknowledgements
The case was not found by the authors.
Ethical permissions
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Conflict of interests
Contribution of authors: Ali Karimian (first author), all sections of article has been carried out by himself (100%).
Financial support
The case was not found by the authors.