History of Darulshafa
It seems that Goharshad Khatun, the wife of Shahrokh Teimuri (1405-1446) who built the Goharshad Mosque, built a Darulshafa near the shrine, whose date of construction is unclear. In the Safavieh period, most of Iran's cities had clinics, known as Darulshafa [2]. Especially during the Shahtahmaseb I dynasty period, there was a place called Darulshafa where patients were treated there [3]. In all of these Darulshafas, medicine was taught as well and there were some sections for treatment of women [2]. In addition to the Darulshafa, there were pharmacies and some doctors had their own clinic [4]. According to the document for donation written in 1498, Atiqh Ali ibn Ahmad bin Malek Ismail Tusi Al-asl Ardubadi Al-Mansha has endowed the endowments in that era, called atigh Endowments. [5] According to this endowment document, a part of the income of the endowments, had to be spent on the treatment of poor patients. Monajam Bashi who had been in charge of the Astan Quds for a while, writes about the contribution of Darulshafa from this endowment: "The special endowments, which I have to manage and consume for Darulshafa are as following: the farms that are recorded in the office of shrine the products of which was 130,000 kilogram grain crops, that the amount of selling these crops should be divided into three parts: one part should be consumed for the cost of fuel for the holy shrine. The second part is dedicated for feeding poor people and residence of the ppilgrims which should be managed by shrine servants that is now managed by Mirza salman and directed by Feyz Asar, and in time of deceased king, in time of pilgrims congestions that the restaurant was unable to serve all people, this amount was spent on serving dinner to pilgrims "[6].
As it is derived from the historical sources and Safavieh dynasty periodicals, doctors, like the past eras, had a high social status in the Safavieh era; they often served as advisers to the king, and occasionally became senior officials. During the Safavieh period, Hakim Bashi was an important position in the court of the king [4]. "Alm Araye Abbasi", written by Skandar Beyk Turkaman, has named a physician who was treating patients in the shrine. The book writes about the mentioned physician and the dedication of the Safavieh dynasty to Astan Quds Razavi: "Hakim Emad Al-din Mahmoud, who is famous for his knowledge, wisdom and proficiency, has well-known written works and prescriptions in the field of medicine and the treatment of chronic diseases, and especially contagious skin diseases (caused by the parasitic growth of a specific skin moisturized area such as the groin that causes itching) and he is appreciated by other physicians that it has been said that : “Since the king paid a lot of attention to the holy shrine, he used to select the best people for serving in the holy shrine. Therefore, this physician was assigned for treatment of the patients there, and he was really expert in his work and he had a lot of good characteristics” [7].

Figure 1) Imam Reza Hospital

Also, in the paragraph three of the book named “Dastool Almoluk” written by “Mirza Rafia”, regarding the duties of the person assigned for arrangement of donations, it has been written that “this assigned person is responsible for the management of the library, place of drinks, Darulshafa, kitchen, Place of preparing perfumes for holy shrine, place of providing carpets for the shrine, place for kitchen tools and instrument, shops which were endowed, bakery, cafes, butcheries, storage place of woods, food, light, resting place, and toilets in the holy shrine as well as assigning serving people,   people who knows Quran by heart, physicians, treasury, farmers, workers. Also this person is responsible for awarding or punishing these assigned people; and he is responsible for development of farms, gardens, buildings, and factories which are related to holy shrine [8]”. Also, in the chapter 14 of the second part of the book, Dastour al-moluk Rafia writes about the duties and authorizes of Hakim Bashi and other physicians: “Apart from Hakim Bashi, who received 341 Tomans annually, other physicians, in Soltan Hossein dynasty period, received a salary equal to the salary of 68 staff of king court equal to 1799 tomans” [8].

Darulshafa during Afshar dynasty period
During Afshar period, Adel Shah, the nephew of Nader Shah Afshar, repaired and completed the Darulshafa of Holy shrine of Imam Reza, and devoted a part of his estate to that noble place. [2] The expenses of Darulshafa, based on the Ali-shah scroll written in September 1747, was paid by a collection of endowment. According to this  scroll, the purpose of the establishment of the Daulshafa is to spend endowed money and goods and taxes, on the salary of physicians, treatment of the patients, foods, and so on (9), as follows: "it is essential for all staff to observe the needs of the pilgrims, so that the king be sure about their satisfaction, and one of the important department is Darulshafah in which the needed medicine and the special foods should be provided for the patients or who do not have a residence or poor people. As previous years, we have dedicated 94 Tomans for the costs of Darulshafa, and the salary of the doctors, staff, etc. In addition, we have dedicated 100 lands as endowment that the assigned person should report in details the quantity and quality of expenditure to the court of king” [11].
Taxes: “Taxes should be spent on the patients` food, and medicine as well as the salary of the physicians, etc. The costs for patients should be confirmed by the physicians and their prescriptions. The assigned amount for this purpose is 200 Tomans and the details of expenditure should be reported to the supervisor at the end of each month” [11].

Darulshafa during Ghajarieh dynasty period
At the end of the reign of Fathali Shah, the management of holy shrine was assigned to Haji Mirza Mousa Khan, brother of Mirza Abolqhasem Ghaem Magham Farahani. The brother of Ghaem Magham made a great contribution in this work. He organized the affairs of endowments, and made great efforts in the settlement, restoration and revival of the endowments [12], including the endowments of Darulshafa and kitchen which were used by a number of strangers and immigrants [13].
In the organization of the Astan Guds, the observer was called “Musharraf” who oversaw the endowments. From the ancient times, all the various places and departments of Astan Quds such as the factories, Darulshafa, and place of drinking, had their own observers who worked and assigned under the supervision of the general supervisor [14]. “Ferodows-al-Tavarikh” writes about the Darulshafa`s activity in this era: “Among them is Darulshafa where there is always a group of people working on making medicines and food including instructors, surgeons, optometrist, clinicians, and nurses who do their best to provide food and maintain the health and heal of the sufferers and the sick from the strangers and adherents to grace of God” [15]. The construction of Darulshafa was made by Mirza Seyed Jafar Moshir-al-Doleh (engineer) and Mirza Jafar Khan Moshir-al-Doleh (engineer who was appointed for management of Astan Quds Razavi). This was one of the important activities of Moshir-al-Doleh during the management of Darulshafa [16]. Therefore, at first, the construction of Darulshafa will be briefly overviewed and then condition of it will be explained.
As mentioned, one of the services of Mirza Jafar Khan Moshir al-Dawlah in Astan Quds, was the construction of a silver door for the porch called “Dar-al-saadat”and a new hospital building for Astan Quds (current Razi clinic) in Olya Street (former hospital located on the market facing the door of the Goharshad Comprehensive Mosque), and its place today is known as the Naseri Porch. On the door of this Darulshafa, there is a script in which it has been written: "His life was too short to complete it” that from this statement it is clear that the construction of the building has not been completed during the life of Moshir al-Doleh (He died in December 6^th, 1862). His son, Mohammad Sadegh Khan, completed this building with the personal property of his deceased father [18].
In the year 1867, the newspaper called “Ordooye Homayoon” which was published during the first visit of Naser-al-Din Shah to Khorasan, in addition to name different parts of Astan Quds Razavi such as, place of drinking water, place of drinking syrups, kitchen, Goharshad Mosque, place for keeping shoes, yards, porches, doors, and other parts, names and writes about Darulshafa in Astan Quds Razavi: “Darulshafa is located on Olya street and pilgrims ques thoust in Olya street and the quest house for lords in Sofla Street” [19]. Ali Naghi Hakim-al-Mamalek, who was on the trip with Naser-al-Din Shah, wrote the memories of this trip. Fortunately, these writings were published in the Khorasan Travel Newspaper. Hakim-al-Mamalek, while expressing daily events, writes about the events of the August 2, 1867 regarding the visit of shah (king) from Darulshafa: “… At the visit of the holy shrine, firstly, the king has viewed the new Darulshafa which has been built by deceased Moshir-al-Doleh. The layout of gardens, chambers of grass, and garments, the beds and dishes, and foods and flavors were acceptable for the king. The honored king paid an amount as tip to the servers of Darulshafa and entered the holy shrine from there. First, he visited the shrine of holy imam. …”. He points out in the following pages that at that time, the agents [employees] for the Darulshafa were 23 persons who were headed by Sheikh Abulhassan Mirza son of Mohammad Taghi Mirza Hesam al-Saltaneh, observer of Darulshafa [20].
Sultan Mohammad, titled seif al-doleh, was the thirty eight son of Fathali Shah Ghajar, from the beloved wife of the Shah, Ms. Tavoos (Taj-al-doleh), who ruled Isfahan at the age of 13 [21]. A decade after Mirza Jafar Mashir al-Dawlah (engineer) i.e. in March 5, 1872, he was appointed as head of the Astan Quds and went to Mashhad. In his memoirs, he reminds Darul Shafa's boom: "The deceased Mirza Jafar Khan has made a great Darulshafa in the street “Bala” during his management" [22].
Also, Haj Sayah, describing his visit to Mashhad in April 1878, criticizes the way of consuming endowments and health conditions of Mashhad, and writes about Darulshafa: "If what had been allocated as endowment to be spent on the free schools, hospitals and guesthouses was really spent on these issues, a part of Iran would not have been poor anymore. If a portion of the interest belonging to that holy Imam would be spent on the purpose of the owners of the property and the satisfaction of the almighty God on the education of the orphans and the children of the poor and their training, and paying attention to the poor and the treatment of the patients, Khorasan would become a heaven. But alas! A hundred thousand alas! Firstly: for instance, they do not even allocate one hundred thousand tomans if the amount of interest from the property is 500,000 tomans. Secondly, from these one hundred thousand tomans even one toman is not spent on the right affairs and kindness. Third it would be better if this amount was not excited at all. Unfortunately, any amount of money from it is used for and wickedness, and corruption and they would be afraid of them, and deceitful people use this amount. They say that the amount is not enough and even the Astan Quds Razavi is debtor. It should be noted that not the king and not the minister and not the trustee, and no one can avoid this devastating corruption "[23]. In the following pages, Hajj Sayyah recalled: "the amount is spent for superficial things. The school is not organized. Darulshafa does not work very well, and there is no treatment at all” [23].
Naser-al-dinshah went to Khorasan for the second time in 1883. His travelogue was published and was available. He visited Darulshafa in August 19 three hours to sunset and writes about it: "Darulshafa was entrusted to Sheikh Al-rais Abulhassan Mirza, and he had entrusted it to his brother, Mohammad Hashem Mirzayeh Moayen al-tolieh. Both trustees were presents. The staff and workers who were there were all introduced. Darulshafa had a small porch with two rooms that sick people were resting there. There were some patients there. We walked in the yard. Some physicians such as Hakimbashi Toloozan, Malek al-Ateba, Sheikh al-Ateba, Mirza Zeyn-al-Abedin Khan, etc. were present. After visiting there, we went out of Darulshafa, and we walked toward the holy shrine” [24].
During this trip, a newspaper called “Ordooyeh Homayoon newspaper” was published, which included events and daily news. Following news on August 19, 1883, the newspaper reported and wrote about the visit of Naser-al-din Shah and his companions from Darulshafa: “here, the head had come; all of the physicians of Duralshafa and Mashhad were present and they observed there with perfect order and discipline. Prince Sheikh-al-rais and Mohammad Hashem Mirza Moayan-al-Doleh, the brother of Sheikh-al-Rais are the head of the Duralshafa. Both were present there and were beloved by the king, and all of them went to holy shrine from there” [25]. In confirmation of this news, Mirza Ghahraman Amin Lashgar, who was on this trip with companions of the king, said in his travelogue: “Today, the majesty king went from the house of Navab Vala Rokn-al-Doleh to Darulshafa headed by Moayan-al-Toliyeh, the son of deceased Mohammad Taghi Mirza Hesam-al-Saltaneh” [26].In the year 1885, on the order of Asef-al-Doleh, the governor of Khorasan, people who suffered from skin diseases, infectious diseases, leprosy, vitiligo, etc. were taken out of the city and they were being housed in special fortress for their maintenance and treatment. In other case, he prevented the treatment, surgery, and optometry of inexpert physicians.Also, he assigned expert and specialized doctors for Darulshafa who, in addition to practicing medicine, had to discuss the crucial medical issues in the Department of Health twice a week; and one of their duties was to take the exam from the doctors in the city. Only with permission and signature of this department, doctors could practice medicine. There was also an emphasis on the work of herbalists and dispenser regarding flawlessness of spices and care in their practice [27].

Figure 2) The document relating to the donations to the cost of Darul Shafa

Coloner C. B. Beat who came to Iran as the representative of Queen of England to resolve the dispute with the Russian government over the issue of the Kashak River in northen Herat, and who was the General Consul of Mashhad until 1987, has briefly written some issues about Darulshafa: “The health clinic (Darulshafa) of the Astan Quds Razavi, which is expected to be the best health center in the country, accounts for only 2% of its annual income, and its activity is very limited. It can be said that this activity is nothing. It is said that only a few of the poor receive food and medicine while this is the absolute right of all of them. At present, many people meet their ends from the Astan Quds Razavi and a very small amount of their annual income has been allocated to charities and to the treatment of the sick and to the improvement of the welfare state. Very few will succeed each year to benefit from these limited opportunities” [28].
Abdul Ghani Mirza Pof also explicitly described the situation of Dar al-Shafa or, as he said, the Hospital of Imam Reza in his travel report, and he has written about its importance: “3000 Tomans had been allocated for the medication in Imam`s Hospital. Its agents were the head, principal and the cook. Also there was a great home for a few women who were preparing the food for the patients. There was also many rooms with the necessary tools and equipment that the patients could use during the rest. This hospital was under the supervision of the Astan Quds Razavi and its activities has been carrying out for a long time and is not specific to the present era” [29].

Association for providing the patients` required tools and equipment
On Friday, October 18, 1907, during the evening at the Darulshafa (called Aghdas) in Astan Quds Razavi, a special association was convened for providing the patients` required tools and equipment. I, the writer, was also summoned to that great gathering. The majesty head was there. The saints, the physicians, and the surgeons were there. After a period of time, decisions were made about the required clothes, underwear, shirts, pajamas, shoes, hats and sleeping bags, as well as dishes and utensils in which food and medicine should be used. To be honest, all of the necessities were of the best quality that they could not be thought of as better and more appropriate. Thirty clothes sets which were varied in the size were sewn for the sick in the Darulshafa including following: Shirts, Trousers, and long garment made of worsted fabric.
Shirt: underwear made of white cambric
Hat used for sleeping: woolen cloth, chintzy line, blindfold
Shoes: made of Khorasan hemp which are comfortable and tight
Blanket: Chintzy, woolen
Mattress: cotton cloth with white sheets that can be washed after becoming dirty
Pillow: chintzy, cotton with chintzy sheets that can be washed after becoming dirty
Utensils: made of iron and lined with porcelain
All of these objects were ultimately good, affordable and suitable and provided by the staff of Darulshafa. Now I have to thank and appreciate honorable Mr. Haji Nasir-al-Molk, and pray for him wholeheartedly because we can see that this notable gentleman and real Muslim is thinking of serving the Astan Quds Razavi and observing the Muslims. Thank so much for his sincere intention and his excellent nature. We hope that he help to clean the air and refinery of water in this place as well. As it was mentioned in the gathering, we planned to provide refined water for the sick and let the patients to use clean water. God willing, we will work on refining the Mashhad water as the source of all diseases is contaminated water. Also, the air of the room, which is polluted by the breathing of the patients will be refined soon. Diseases become worse by the effect of bad water and air. …” [30]. “Let them worship the Lord of this House. Who has fed them, [saving them] from hunger and made them safe, [saving them] from fear. [Quraish Surah, verses 3 and 4].

Darulshafa after the constitutional revolution
After the constitutional revolution in the 1907, endowment was appended to the ministry of education [31] and four years after the constitutional revolution, in the year 1910, the administrative law of the Ministry of Education, Endowment, and Fine Art was approved. Since then, authorities in this ministry departments have been obliged to carry out the affairs related to the endowment [32]. For the current affairs of Astan Quds Razavi, also, a separate law was issued in 18 articles under the title “Subject Law of Astan Quds Razavi” on November 19, 1911, the twelfth article of which dealt with the activities and duties of the Darulshafa: “The affairs of duralshafa should be in accordance with the requirements of the Department of the Health. The head of the duralshafa must be approved by the Ministry of Education, Endowment, and Fine Arts and be a qualified physician. The number of individuals who are kept in the Darulshafa, after estimating the expenses, depends on the revenues derived from the endowments of the Darulshafa” [33].

Women`s Darulshafa
In the study of the jobs and positions in the administrative organization of Darulshafa, we are referring to women who have been appointed from the Safavi to Qajar period to the jobs under the titles Bimardari (nursing), Ayaghbashi (a women responsible for maintaining dishes and utensil), and Azab (in the administrative term, Azad was a person responsible for delivering the letters and messages of the authorities to the Darulshaf Staff or a person who was responsible for the affairs of the office).
In addition to nursing, women were responsible for the official affairs of Darulshafa, which is seen in the documents of 1728 to 1748. In the document dating back to the year of 1717, Ms. Sekineh who was responsible for nursing, referring to her mother`s thirty years of service, said that her mother, Ms. Khani, has thirty years’ experience and this was her heredity right to be assigned to her job. Also, women like the wives of Mohammad Momen and Mirza Mohammad, Folad Agha who was Mohammad Bagher`s wife and Ms. Khani were in charge of nursing in Darulshafa in the years 1707, 1712, 1118-1124 respectively. In the Qajar period, there are also documents related to women employed in Darulshafa as nursers, and laudary women. The male nurses receiving salary including annual salary, both cash and goods. Their salary was one Toman and 2500 Dinar and the goods included 1200 kilogram cereals. However, the salary of female nurses was only one tomans [34].
Previously, it was talked about the positons and occupations of women in Darulshafa. However, about the Darulshafa for women, the author, Matla-al-Shams, while listing the services of Mirza Jafar Moshir-al-Doleh in establishing special Darulshafa for women, writes: “Azd-al-Molk went to Tehran and the deceased Mirza Jafar Khan Moshir-al-Doleh was in charge of him, and this was happened in July, 1861. The deceased Moshir-al-Doleh had special order of affairs in the banquets of pilgrims, clergymen, and staff. He abandoned the former Darulshafa which was next to Jameh Mosque, and built a Darulshafa in Olya Street annexed to the endowed garder by the head in which male and female patients were separated, and the room of patients with infectious diseases were isolated. Since this building was not finished in Moshir-al-Doleh`s life, according to his will, his son finished his deceased father`s work” [13].
Although, the first governmental health house was set up in Tehran in 1847, there was no separate section for female patients or isolated patients until after the First World War [35]. Dr. Amir Khan Amir Alam who was responsible for the Ministry of Public health went to Mashhad in 1918 with the purpose of pilgrimage to holy shrine and visiting the heath institutes. In his view, the condition of Darulshafa was awful, and he writes: “…instead of advancement, the affairs of the Darulshafa have degenerated. In the widespread shadow of indifference in recent years, it has lost its reputation, and it deserves to be called “houses of diseases” instead of “Darulshafa”” [2].
Amir Alam tries to rectify that. However, instead of cooperation, he faces with dissenters from the Astan Quds. Eventually, with the support of the Head of Ministers, Hasan Vosoogh-al-Doleh who was his father in law, he began to work vigorously. The staff of Astan Quds-while the budget was provided from the revenue of endowed cash and goods- not only did not cooperate, but also they refrained from paying endowment revenues for the repair of the Darulshafa. Amir Alam writes: “The tenants of the mentioned properties never believed that they should pay the rent to Darulshafa. When it was the time of payment, the real amount was horribly reduced, and was spent more one: first: personal benefits, second: their foods, and third: the expenses of qanats. Each of these three-fold problems was eliminating some of the rights of the patients” [2]. Observing this unfortunate situation, forces Amir Alam to report the situation of Darulshafa to Ahmad Shah (king) court. After that, he was tasked to bring about major reforms in Darulshafa, and spend its revenues appropriately. Although, Darulshafa was originally founded in the beginning of its establishment only for the treatment of the poor, for males and females, it was decided later that mad people be added to the Darulshafa. For this reason, Darulshafa administration, asked for a building block from the endowment affairs out of the city and accepted its management as well. Dr. Amir Alam sought to isolate the male and female section of Darulshafa completely and he was thinking of fostering a female cadre for female section as he quotes: “for the recent branch, I am thinking of seeking female medical doctors, surgeons, and midwives that the section becomes completely isolated from the male section. Perhaps, we can train female doctors or at least expert midwives to avoid casualties of pregnant women and children and infants. Considering that 30 to 50% of women and infants die during the women’s labor, it become clear that how important our last suggestion is” [2]. Then, Dr. Amir Alam collected donation to complete the construction of Darulshafa, and collected about 2800 Tomans cash, of which about 2000Tomans was used for construction; 400 tomans was spent for surgery equipment and about 300 Tomans was spent for providing iron beds. In this way, the Darulshafa named Mobarakeh was erected in the southeast of Naderi Street, adjacent to the Malek Alley, in two floors, with the area of 350 square meter, and with total area of Darulshafa of 850 square meter [2].

Darulshafa and Imam Reza Hospital
The inferiority of Dalulshafa compared with the Health house called “Yengi” in Mashhad, caused dissatisfaction [36], until Reza Shah`s (King) first visit to Mashhad that the order for building a new hospital was issued. Haji Bibi, the wife of Mirza Yahya, the head of Holy Shrine Quest House, had two large garden with high residential building on the two ends of the city; one was called Ferdows Garden, in the southeastern suburbs of the city; and the other was called Hashtabad Garden, adjacent to the Darwazeh Bala Street. The area of the garden was large that it was surrounded by the city gates from the north and west side; and the southern side of the garden was surrounded by the houses and shops. The whole of the eastern region was the grape gardens. In the regions with less trees, vegetables, melons, and watermelons were implanted [35]. Haji Bibi, donated all part of Hashtabad Garden to Darulshafa for the sake of God. After transferring Darulshafa to Hashtabad Garden, an internal building was allocated as “Women`s Hospital”. Over the course of the years and development of medical facilities, the increased number of education physicians and surgical equipment, Hashtabad Garden became the largest hospital in the city [37]. Mohammad Vali Asadi was the head of Astan Quds Razavi from 1926 up to the time that he was arrested and execute in the year 1935 in the clash called “Goharshad Uprising” [38]. With his dedication and perseverance in this period, in addition to expansion of the Darulshafa in comparison with the “Yengi” Health House, the plan of huge building of Darulshafa (current Imam Reza Hospital) was launched on the Alandasht agricultural land. The construction of this Darulshafa began and accelerated. In the year 1935, the news for the imminent arrival of the Shah (kign) to Mashhad, intensified the renovation of the hospital and with the opening of the Nobonyad Hospital, the Darulshafa was transferred for Hashtabad Hospital to renovated place [37]. At first, this hospital started its work with 100 beds and it was developed by the time. In the following years, Astan Quds Razavi, with the aim of advancing medical science, especially in the hospital surgery department, recruited foreign doctors. First, a German professor named Hammer Schlach, a gynecologist, become the second head of the hospital. After August, 1941, the influence of Germans in the Shah Reza Hospital was reduced, and following that, Dr. Baroch from Czech and professor Bootaru from France, were replaced the Germans in the surgery department [1]. Besides doctors, a number of French nurses were also served in the leprosy Hosue in Mashhad at the castle of Mehrabkhaneh. Regarding the Leprosy House, there is a document concerning the time of heading of Sadr-al-Mamalek in 1949. This document, regarding the transfer of patients with leprosy to Mehrabkhaneh castle, says: “Since the illness of patients with leprosy is contagious, their location is in the Mehrabkhan Castle outside of the city and they are given bread and stew. Their budget was previously low. I increased it. They are under the supervision of Haj Mola Gholam Hossein, of the servants of the holy shrine, who is a religious man. He visits there sometimes. Recently they are given leather coat to avoid cold. They did not have any bathroom. I built a bathroom for them in this year. Generally, their condition is ok.” [39].
Astan Quds Razavi has been pursuing sustained efforts in the years to come to use modern medicine and new medical equipment. In addition to medicine practice, the nursing school was set up under the supervision of foreign nurses in this hospital in 1937. In 1941, the supervision of nursing school was handed over to Iranian nurses [1]. To date, in Astan Quds Razavi, there are over 1048 religious decrees, lawful peacekeeping rights, will and petitions, which is quantitatively one of the largest and widest achievement of the Islamic World Endowment. Also, these endowments qualitatively include residential land, real state, commercial centers, gardens, and manufacturing, economic and industrial factories which have been dedicated to Astan Quds for many years. Each of these endowments includes a large number of branches, and the benefits of some of these branches has been stipulated: “food and medicine be prepared for the patients in Darulshafa. The money should be spent for poor patients, repairing of the hospital, providing food and medicine for pilgrims who are patients, establishing  bath for the patients who are not permitted to use public bathrooms, pregnant women, infants, clinic, training and treatment, and establishing of charity” [40].

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Contribution of Authors
Ali Karimian (First author): all sections of the article has been conducted by him (100%).
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